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<meta name="description" content="简介C 标准库的 errno.h 头文件定义了整数变量 errno，它是通过系统调用设置的，在错误事件中的某些库函数表明了什么发生了错误。该宏扩展为类型为 int 的可更改的左值，因此它可以被一个程序读取和修改。 在程序启动时，errno 设置为零，C 标准库中的特定函数修改它的值为一些非零值以表示某些类型的错误。您也可以在适当的时候修改它的值或重置为零。 errno.h 头文件定义了一系列表示不">
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<meta property="og:description" content="简介C 标准库的 errno.h 头文件定义了整数变量 errno，它是通过系统调用设置的，在错误事件中的某些库函数表明了什么发生了错误。该宏扩展为类型为 int 的可更改的左值，因此它可以被一个程序读取和修改。 在程序启动时，errno 设置为零，C 标准库中的特定函数修改它的值为一些非零值以表示某些类型的错误。您也可以在适当的时候修改它的值或重置为零。 errno.h 头文件定义了一系列表示不">
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="简介C 标准库的 errno.h 头文件定义了整数变量 errno，它是通过系统调用设置的，在错误事件中的某些库函数表明了什么发生了错误。该宏扩展为类型为 int 的可更改的左值，因此它可以被一个程序读取和修改。 在程序启动时，errno 设置为零，C 标准库中的特定函数修改它的值为一些非零值以表示某些类型的错误。您也可以在适当的时候修改它的值或重置为零。 errno.h 头文件定义了一系列表示不">



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        <h2 id="简介"><a href="#简介" class="headerlink" title="简介"></a>简介</h2><p>C 标准库的 errno.h 头文件定义了整数变量 errno，它是通过系统调用设置的，在错误事件中的某些库函数表明了什么发生了错误。该宏扩展为类型为 int 的可更改的左值，因此它可以被一个程序读取和修改。</p>
<p>在程序启动时，errno 设置为零，C 标准库中的特定函数修改它的值为一些非零值以表示某些类型的错误。您也可以在适当的时候修改它的值或重置为零。</p>
<p>errno.h 头文件定义了一系列表示不同错误代码的宏，这些宏应扩展为类型为 int 的整数常量表达式。</p>
<h2 id="库宏"><a href="#库宏" class="headerlink" title="库宏"></a>库宏</h2><p>下面列出了头文件 errno.h 中定义的宏：</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>序号</th>
<th>函数 &amp; 描述</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>1</td>
<td><strong>extern int errno</strong> <br> 这是通过系统调用设置的宏，在错误事件中的某些库函数表明了什么发生了错误。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2</td>
<td><strong>EDOM Domain Error</strong> <br> 这个宏表示一个域错误，它在输入参数超出数学函数定义的域时发生，errno 被设置为 EDOM。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>3</td>
<td><strong>ERANGE Range Error</strong> <br> 这个宏表示一个范围错误，它在输入参数超出数学函数定义的范围时发生，errno 被设置为 ERANGE。</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2 id="函数用例"><a href="#函数用例" class="headerlink" title="函数用例"></a>函数用例</h2><h3 id="一、errno"><a href="#一、errno" class="headerlink" title="一、errno"></a>一、errno</h3><h4 id="描述"><a href="#描述" class="headerlink" title="描述"></a>描述</h4><p>C 库宏 extern int errno 是通过系统调用设置的，在错误事件中的某些库函数表明了什么发生了错误。</p>
<h4 id="声明"><a href="#声明" class="headerlink" title="声明"></a>声明</h4><p>下面是 errno 宏的声明。</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">extern int errno</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h4 id="参数"><a href="#参数" class="headerlink" title="参数"></a>参数</h4><p>NA</p>
<h4 id="返回值"><a href="#返回值" class="headerlink" title="返回值"></a>返回值</h4><p>NA</p>
<h4 id="实例"><a href="#实例" class="headerlink" title="实例"></a>实例</h4><p>下面的实例演示了 errno 宏的用法。</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;</span><br><span class="line">#include &lt;errno.h&gt;</span><br><span class="line">#include &lt;string.h&gt;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">extern int errno ;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">int main ()</span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">   FILE *fp;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">   fp = fopen(&quot;file.txt&quot;, &quot;r&quot;);</span><br><span class="line">   if( fp == NULL ) </span><br><span class="line">   &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      fprintf(stderr, &quot;Value of errno: %d\n&quot;, errno);</span><br><span class="line">      fprintf(stderr, &quot;Error opening file: %s\n&quot;, strerror(errno));</span><br><span class="line">   &#125;</span><br><span class="line">   else </span><br><span class="line">   &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      fclose(fp);</span><br><span class="line">   &#125;</span><br><span class="line">   </span><br><span class="line">   return(0);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>让我们编译并运行上面的程序，当文件 file.txt 不存在时，将产生以下结果：</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Value of errno: 2<br>Error opening file: No such file or directory</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="二、EDOM"><a href="#二、EDOM" class="headerlink" title="二、EDOM"></a>二、EDOM</h3><h4 id="描述-1"><a href="#描述-1" class="headerlink" title="描述"></a>描述</h4><p>C 库宏 EDOM 表示一个域错误，它在输入参数超出数学函数定义的域时发生，errno 被设置为 EDOM。</p>
<h4 id="声明-1"><a href="#声明-1" class="headerlink" title="声明"></a>声明</h4><p>下面是 EDOM 宏的声明。</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">#define EDOM some_value</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h4 id="参数-1"><a href="#参数-1" class="headerlink" title="参数"></a>参数</h4><p>NA</p>
<h4 id="返回值-1"><a href="#返回值-1" class="headerlink" title="返回值"></a>返回值</h4><p>NA</p>
<h4 id="实例-1"><a href="#实例-1" class="headerlink" title="实例"></a>实例</h4><p>下面的实例演示了 EDOM 宏的用法。</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;</span><br><span class="line">#include &lt;errno.h&gt;</span><br><span class="line">#include &lt;math.h&gt;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">int main()</span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">   double val;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">   errno = 0;</span><br><span class="line">   val = sqrt(-10);</span><br><span class="line">   if(errno == EDOM) </span><br><span class="line">   &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      printf(&quot;Invalid value \n&quot;);</span><br><span class="line">   &#125;</span><br><span class="line">   else </span><br><span class="line">   &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      printf(&quot;Valid value\n&quot;);</span><br><span class="line">   &#125;</span><br><span class="line">   </span><br><span class="line">   errno = 0;</span><br><span class="line">   val = sqrt(10);</span><br><span class="line">   if(errno == EDOM) </span><br><span class="line">   &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      printf(&quot;Invalid value\n&quot;);</span><br><span class="line">   &#125;</span><br><span class="line">   else </span><br><span class="line">   &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      printf(&quot;Valid value\n&quot;);</span><br><span class="line">   &#125;</span><br><span class="line">   </span><br><span class="line">   return(0);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>让我们编译并运行上面的程序，这将产生以下结果：</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Invalid value<br>Valid value</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="三、ERANGE"><a href="#三、ERANGE" class="headerlink" title="三、ERANGE"></a>三、ERANGE</h3><h4 id="描述-2"><a href="#描述-2" class="headerlink" title="描述"></a>描述</h4><p>C 库宏 ERANGE 表示一个范围错误，它在输入参数超出数学函数定义的范围时发生，errno 被设置为 ERANGE。</p>
<h4 id="声明-2"><a href="#声明-2" class="headerlink" title="声明"></a>声明</h4><p>下面是 ERANGE 宏的声明。</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">#define ERANGE some_value</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h4 id="参数-2"><a href="#参数-2" class="headerlink" title="参数"></a>参数</h4><p>NA</p>
<h4 id="返回值-2"><a href="#返回值-2" class="headerlink" title="返回值"></a>返回值</h4><p>NA</p>
<h4 id="实例-2"><a href="#实例-2" class="headerlink" title="实例"></a>实例</h4><p>下面的实例演示了 ERANGE 宏的用法。</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;</span><br><span class="line">#include &lt;errno.h&gt;</span><br><span class="line">#include &lt;math.h&gt;</span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line">int main()</span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">   double x;</span><br><span class="line">   double value;</span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line">   x = 2.000000;</span><br><span class="line">   value = log(x);</span><br><span class="line">   </span><br><span class="line">   if( errno == ERANGE ) </span><br><span class="line">   &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      printf(&quot;Log(%f) is out of range\n&quot;, x);</span><br><span class="line">   &#125;</span><br><span class="line">   else </span><br><span class="line">   &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      printf(&quot;Log(%f) = %f\n&quot;, x, value);</span><br><span class="line">   &#125;</span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line">   x = 1.000000;</span><br><span class="line">   value = log(x);</span><br><span class="line">   </span><br><span class="line">   if( errno == ERANGE ) </span><br><span class="line">   &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      printf(&quot;Log(%f) is out of range\n&quot;, x);</span><br><span class="line">   &#125;</span><br><span class="line">   else </span><br><span class="line">   &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      printf(&quot;Log(%f) = %f\n&quot;, x, value);</span><br><span class="line">   &#125;</span><br><span class="line">   </span><br><span class="line">   x = 0.000000;</span><br><span class="line">   value = log(x);</span><br><span class="line">   </span><br><span class="line">   if( errno == ERANGE ) </span><br><span class="line">   &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      printf(&quot;Log(%f) is out of range\n&quot;, x);</span><br><span class="line">   &#125;</span><br><span class="line">   else </span><br><span class="line">   &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      printf(&quot;Log(%f) = %f\n&quot;, x, value);</span><br><span class="line">   &#125;</span><br><span class="line">   </span><br><span class="line">   return 0;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>让我们编译并运行上面的程序，这将产生以下结果：</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Log(2.000000) = 0.693147<br>Log(1.000000) = 0.000000<br>Log(0.000000) = -inf</p>
</blockquote>

      
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